"There is a point where you can set their own limits,
to say I'm up to here"
(Plotinus - Enneads)
to say I'm up to here"
(Plotinus - Enneads)
Benasayag Miguel is an Argentine philosopher and a psychoanalyst. It 'been in prison for opposition to the Argentine military regime, and for over 30 years living in France where he teaches mathematical logic and works as a psychoanalyst. E 'entertainer of the collective "Maigre tuot "and is one of the organizers of the" Network of Alternative Resistance "which operates in the political and social Europe and Latin America. For his training was essential in the militancy inspired groups quevarista, Benasayag is the author of a fascinating essay in which he analyzes what kind of person has been produced by the Western capitalist society. According
Benasayag we can not deny the death of the myths and illusions, because the present is restless and polished its evils, it is impossible to deny that the optimism of the modern age has given the pessimism of the post-modern where human beings are powerless in the face of a complex world disturbing and increasingly also in its virtual fears. Ours is a reality which would flee when the man feels small and fragile, because it can not do anything but watch without being able to act: that is how the modern individual lives. The strange creature feels isolated and feels separate from it all, because nothing belongs to him with certainty, so he wanders the world as other human beings, animals and nature were only "a stage set specially made for him to lead quietly own existence. "
Ours is an era of unrest and" sad passions "because everything reduces our power to act the world, because modern man has created an animal that is the unfulfilled "of an" unfinished humanity "who can not find the meaning of life, and therefore does not know how to rank in the world. The progress with its "magnificent and progressive" has fueled feelings of despair, because the whole and the whole is "a desperation in front of which the individual exists only as pure helplessness and desolation." Complexity is understood around the world "the fabric of the individual" that "because of its incredible maze, makes us unable to determine a course of action" to take control of ourselves and the world.
The individual is a creation of modernity, says Benasayag, and is an entity that calls itself as "an autonomous entity, separate from the world perceived as an object which can master and make his own." Has been a setback to a modern "individualism selfish "in which each looks only to its own interests and not receiving social links, without any economic project and we live without a philosophy of life. In this sense there is no concept of mass, which is opposed to the individual, as selfish individualism is "the instance of any successful massification" therefore becomes a cosmogony and power. If all the crises are characterized by the collapse of the cultural foundations of civilization, the crisis of late capitalist culture will be a paradox, because our time was deluded to deconstruct the values, principles and abolish remove bans and human limitations.
culture born in the West in modern times has been called "the old man" and begins with the action that is feared most of all, because he wanted "the loss of the sacred." The man kicked the of the sky to build a Tower of Babel by using science and technology, so the man knows no more of the principles more or less sacred that we can interpose between him and the sky. Human freedom was built on the absolute domination of the world and the reality it is capitalism that built this unfortunate individual and paradoxical.
Man is the subject on which all reality is constructed and around which everything revolves, as the man has become "who is not what it should be" the problem of Heidegger says Benasayag, which is a theory of extreme modernity, what the nature of being as essence 'and' being-there "as the fundamental tendency of human nature. The modern individual has not yet been realized, so it is very melancholy in its incompleteness, which always makes him feel inadequate, because the man lives alone at the present time from which it receives frustrations, forgetfulness and weaknesses that make him feel master of the world, but they do live "suspended pending" of its fulfillment.
Full completeness will come when you will have total mastery, so freedom from human bondage is a process to be enjoyed only in the future, says Benasayag. For modern man laws, limits, and ethical principles are a challenge that limits his power, so having them in your domain becomes the way to show that it is moving towards the complete fulfillment of future total freedom. The freedom of the individual contempt for the rule is a rule, because the individual is an organization and a form of social domination based on a "deterritorialization Standing" as Deleuze says, so it is total and totalizing.
The individual is not an illusion, he is a "fold" of a whole, is the rippling wave, which is the lowest part of the whole, in which there is also a body that is matter, but around him, there are many others which are all of us. The cosmologies of the modern age not see the man as a multiplicity uncountable, so as a manifold that intersects with many others, infinity of creation and living in that reality confused ABSENCE included. The old man is aware of its limitations because it feels just a "accident" of infinity. The mystery man is the finiteness of man, since there is another mystery because, if the creation is infinite, the infinite there is no limit.
A person, unlike the individual, says Benasayag, is thought of as different from one, so the person is a non-unity, it has no substance, so he is not recognized as important enough to elevate it to him enjoy certain privileges of individuals. Freedom in the ancient world meant that you could not arrogate the right to challenge the laws and rules, in fact, freedom is not a challenge to situations, it is not a vital power that radiates outward for more substance. And 'this modern mental limitations that makes us understand why Socrates agreed to drink hemlock rather than escape, as many wanted, but decided that because the laws were also superior to love of life of Socrates, so he gave himself to his fate.
Modern man is an individual who feels the lack, therefore, aspires only to the fixity of the stone, and only exists if it can reach to his goal, which is ideal endpoint of a path: the idol of modern man is sedentary living, sensing and suffering every wish and every passion as if they were painful evidence that accentuate its incompleteness is a fundamental lack of being in a 'existence marked by constant and anxious waiting. The sedentary "aspires to be" living the present as a hope, and hope of the slave who dreams of his retaliation and revenge that consumes his dreams that he lives as an illusion of freedom.
Man is a modern nomad in the figure is not expected to become passive, in fact make a route to travel, and does not correspond to the expectation inert because the completeness is sought so that it can become a deeply felt presence in every moment of life. The presence of modern man is the moment does not assume any force and that it persists because it is the tension of the past that no longer exists, and the future that is yet to come. This type of presentation can not exist because expands its meaning in a life bored, because there is every expectation in boredom, so this becomes a modern village of moments that are sums up and accumulated in a continuous succession of boredom, which is a chain that leads to life. This
this creates non-existent life of modern man, that a man is only one dimension full of fear, hope, boredom, anxiety and all the fears of the future: a life that is so dominated by fear and death becomes only a simple survival, said Benasayag. This is a nomad that expands, it is much broader than the present instant, as characterizes all situations in which we live and which we participate, as many in the midst of multiplicity. This is rich because this is built from all the past as they are the foundation of everything we are, our present but also has the fulfillment of the future that we build on this good living, so in this there is the whole framework of our representation.
between modern man and man of the past has been a complete reversal of the "point of view, because modern man is the only point of view the subject, who sees the world as something external and foreign to his person. Our culture thinks of the world as opposed to humans, because the subject and object are two opposing realities, in fact we can also create a virtual world that is increasingly remote from everyday life, therefore it does become more complex our lives. Each message comes from outside the image of a world that threatens man by giving the fear and helplessness, so no choice but to take refuge in dreams or nightmares in the fall of power.
individuals living in this reality of "arrogance monolithic" who feel masters of the universe and so their personal life becomes an absolute truth. This self-centered maneuver is a clever move, because if everyone has their own truth, the truth is all relative because there are the basic human truths which are in defense of life. A world of this type creates protagonists that reduce the role of the other extras, in fact you live in the personal world of personal truth, and the man lives on big dreams, but then decreases to normal life within his daily routine. Modern man is the one that outraged the world's ills, but then hurries really only for his daily life.
society the individual is composed of separation so9ggetti disenchanted by the world, and we do not know if they are bad or if they become only the pernicious influence of a sick society but that society treats man as a pretender if it was good. Today, communication theorists and ideologues of the civilization of the show dealing with the man, "as if born today only, as if they were suddenly erupted from the earth the same way as pumpkins" using the theory of Hobbes, which becomes a metaphor che illustra bene la nostra modernità. L’individuo non possiede l’innocenza della zucca, esso è atomo e cardine di uno sviluppo capitalistico, perché è l’individuo del potere: il problema vero non è come eliminare il potere da questo individuo, il nucleo essenziale è come fuggire dal potere di questo tipo di individuo.
L’egoismo primordiale dell’uomo sembrerebbe negare la possibilità di trasformare l'amore di sé, del tutto o della parte, dice Benasayag, in amore e in rispetto del prossimo. In effetti anche per Freud l’amore era sospetto, perché l’amare l’altro come se stesso deve fare i conti con un terribile ignoto perché, in fondo, nulla we know the way that everyone used to love, or hate each other. The man seems born to do calculations, so it should know the benefit of the sacrifice of children for the sake of greater goods: but the man never sees the light, it is naive to think that everyone knows to see their best interests, so let me explain why do not we get rid of a life of shortages. Good
wandering
Sharatan
Benasayag we can not deny the death of the myths and illusions, because the present is restless and polished its evils, it is impossible to deny that the optimism of the modern age has given the pessimism of the post-modern where human beings are powerless in the face of a complex world disturbing and increasingly also in its virtual fears. Ours is a reality which would flee when the man feels small and fragile, because it can not do anything but watch without being able to act: that is how the modern individual lives. The strange creature feels isolated and feels separate from it all, because nothing belongs to him with certainty, so he wanders the world as other human beings, animals and nature were only "a stage set specially made for him to lead quietly own existence. "
Ours is an era of unrest and" sad passions "because everything reduces our power to act the world, because modern man has created an animal that is the unfulfilled "of an" unfinished humanity "who can not find the meaning of life, and therefore does not know how to rank in the world. The progress with its "magnificent and progressive" has fueled feelings of despair, because the whole and the whole is "a desperation in front of which the individual exists only as pure helplessness and desolation." Complexity is understood around the world "the fabric of the individual" that "because of its incredible maze, makes us unable to determine a course of action" to take control of ourselves and the world.
The individual is a creation of modernity, says Benasayag, and is an entity that calls itself as "an autonomous entity, separate from the world perceived as an object which can master and make his own." Has been a setback to a modern "individualism selfish "in which each looks only to its own interests and not receiving social links, without any economic project and we live without a philosophy of life. In this sense there is no concept of mass, which is opposed to the individual, as selfish individualism is "the instance of any successful massification" therefore becomes a cosmogony and power. If all the crises are characterized by the collapse of the cultural foundations of civilization, the crisis of late capitalist culture will be a paradox, because our time was deluded to deconstruct the values, principles and abolish remove bans and human limitations.
culture born in the West in modern times has been called "the old man" and begins with the action that is feared most of all, because he wanted "the loss of the sacred." The man kicked the of the sky to build a Tower of Babel by using science and technology, so the man knows no more of the principles more or less sacred that we can interpose between him and the sky. Human freedom was built on the absolute domination of the world and the reality it is capitalism that built this unfortunate individual and paradoxical.
Man is the subject on which all reality is constructed and around which everything revolves, as the man has become "who is not what it should be" the problem of Heidegger says Benasayag, which is a theory of extreme modernity, what the nature of being as essence 'and' being-there "as the fundamental tendency of human nature. The modern individual has not yet been realized, so it is very melancholy in its incompleteness, which always makes him feel inadequate, because the man lives alone at the present time from which it receives frustrations, forgetfulness and weaknesses that make him feel master of the world, but they do live "suspended pending" of its fulfillment.
Full completeness will come when you will have total mastery, so freedom from human bondage is a process to be enjoyed only in the future, says Benasayag. For modern man laws, limits, and ethical principles are a challenge that limits his power, so having them in your domain becomes the way to show that it is moving towards the complete fulfillment of future total freedom. The freedom of the individual contempt for the rule is a rule, because the individual is an organization and a form of social domination based on a "deterritorialization Standing" as Deleuze says, so it is total and totalizing.
The individual is not an illusion, he is a "fold" of a whole, is the rippling wave, which is the lowest part of the whole, in which there is also a body that is matter, but around him, there are many others which are all of us. The cosmologies of the modern age not see the man as a multiplicity uncountable, so as a manifold that intersects with many others, infinity of creation and living in that reality confused ABSENCE included. The old man is aware of its limitations because it feels just a "accident" of infinity. The mystery man is the finiteness of man, since there is another mystery because, if the creation is infinite, the infinite there is no limit.
A person, unlike the individual, says Benasayag, is thought of as different from one, so the person is a non-unity, it has no substance, so he is not recognized as important enough to elevate it to him enjoy certain privileges of individuals. Freedom in the ancient world meant that you could not arrogate the right to challenge the laws and rules, in fact, freedom is not a challenge to situations, it is not a vital power that radiates outward for more substance. And 'this modern mental limitations that makes us understand why Socrates agreed to drink hemlock rather than escape, as many wanted, but decided that because the laws were also superior to love of life of Socrates, so he gave himself to his fate.
Modern man is an individual who feels the lack, therefore, aspires only to the fixity of the stone, and only exists if it can reach to his goal, which is ideal endpoint of a path: the idol of modern man is sedentary living, sensing and suffering every wish and every passion as if they were painful evidence that accentuate its incompleteness is a fundamental lack of being in a 'existence marked by constant and anxious waiting. The sedentary "aspires to be" living the present as a hope, and hope of the slave who dreams of his retaliation and revenge that consumes his dreams that he lives as an illusion of freedom.
Man is a modern nomad in the figure is not expected to become passive, in fact make a route to travel, and does not correspond to the expectation inert because the completeness is sought so that it can become a deeply felt presence in every moment of life. The presence of modern man is the moment does not assume any force and that it persists because it is the tension of the past that no longer exists, and the future that is yet to come. This type of presentation can not exist because expands its meaning in a life bored, because there is every expectation in boredom, so this becomes a modern village of moments that are sums up and accumulated in a continuous succession of boredom, which is a chain that leads to life. This
this creates non-existent life of modern man, that a man is only one dimension full of fear, hope, boredom, anxiety and all the fears of the future: a life that is so dominated by fear and death becomes only a simple survival, said Benasayag. This is a nomad that expands, it is much broader than the present instant, as characterizes all situations in which we live and which we participate, as many in the midst of multiplicity. This is rich because this is built from all the past as they are the foundation of everything we are, our present but also has the fulfillment of the future that we build on this good living, so in this there is the whole framework of our representation.
between modern man and man of the past has been a complete reversal of the "point of view, because modern man is the only point of view the subject, who sees the world as something external and foreign to his person. Our culture thinks of the world as opposed to humans, because the subject and object are two opposing realities, in fact we can also create a virtual world that is increasingly remote from everyday life, therefore it does become more complex our lives. Each message comes from outside the image of a world that threatens man by giving the fear and helplessness, so no choice but to take refuge in dreams or nightmares in the fall of power.
individuals living in this reality of "arrogance monolithic" who feel masters of the universe and so their personal life becomes an absolute truth. This self-centered maneuver is a clever move, because if everyone has their own truth, the truth is all relative because there are the basic human truths which are in defense of life. A world of this type creates protagonists that reduce the role of the other extras, in fact you live in the personal world of personal truth, and the man lives on big dreams, but then decreases to normal life within his daily routine. Modern man is the one that outraged the world's ills, but then hurries really only for his daily life.
society the individual is composed of separation so9ggetti disenchanted by the world, and we do not know if they are bad or if they become only the pernicious influence of a sick society but that society treats man as a pretender if it was good. Today, communication theorists and ideologues of the civilization of the show dealing with the man, "as if born today only, as if they were suddenly erupted from the earth the same way as pumpkins" using the theory of Hobbes, which becomes a metaphor che illustra bene la nostra modernità. L’individuo non possiede l’innocenza della zucca, esso è atomo e cardine di uno sviluppo capitalistico, perché è l’individuo del potere: il problema vero non è come eliminare il potere da questo individuo, il nucleo essenziale è come fuggire dal potere di questo tipo di individuo.
L’egoismo primordiale dell’uomo sembrerebbe negare la possibilità di trasformare l'amore di sé, del tutto o della parte, dice Benasayag, in amore e in rispetto del prossimo. In effetti anche per Freud l’amore era sospetto, perché l’amare l’altro come se stesso deve fare i conti con un terribile ignoto perché, in fondo, nulla we know the way that everyone used to love, or hate each other. The man seems born to do calculations, so it should know the benefit of the sacrifice of children for the sake of greater goods: but the man never sees the light, it is naive to think that everyone knows to see their best interests, so let me explain why do not we get rid of a life of shortages. Good
wandering
Sharatan
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